Adding function to the genome of african salmonella. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an important intestinal pathogen in swine. Serotyping is the traditional method for the subtyping and the differentiation of salmonella isolates based on the. Salmonellae are divided taxonomically into two species. Salmonella enterica an overview sciencedirect topics. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium skills to succeed. Typhimurium represented the third most frequent salmonella serovar isolated from human cases between 2004 and 2008. In the united states of america alone, salmonella is estimated to cause 1. Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. An infectionrelevant transcriptomic compendium for.
Abstractsalmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar 4,5,12. Strains used in this work were salmonella enterica subsp. The molecular mechanisms of host cell entry has, however, been studied predominantly in. Other articles where salmonella typhimurium is discussed. To determine whether st3 is dominant in the democratic republic of the congo, we studied 180 isolates collected during 20072011. Therefore, the detection of salmonella species in poultry. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strategies for.
Typhimurium is a key serovar that has serious impact upon human health around the world and carries clusters of virulence genes that permit colonization of the. Bacterial host cell invasion mechanisms depend on the bacteriums virulence factors and the properties of the target cell. The genus salmonella currently includes two species, salmonella enterica and salmonella bongori. Oral infection with the salmonella enterica serovar. Gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens and other galliforme birds. Variation in sporadic and outbreakrelated salmonella. In this study, 1764 clinical salmonella enterica isolates from diarrhea outpatients were collected from fifteen cities in guangdong province, china, between 2007 and 2012. Salmonella typhimurium dt104 salmonella typhimurium lt2. Bacterial pathogens must sense and respond to newly encountered host environments to regulate the expression of critical virulence factors that allow for niche adaptation and successful colonization. Characteristics of salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12.
Salmonella enterica subspecies i, serovar typhimurium s. The 2,400 serovars of salmonella enterica subspecies i possess a range of abilities to cause disease in mammalian and avian hosts. The uncontrolled activation of the host innate immune response can potentially lead to systematic inflammation, tissue injury, intravascular coagulation, and even death. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium or simply typhimurium is the most common serovar in both human infections and farm animals in australia and many other countries. Typhimurium is a widely distributed serovar, which represent the second most common serovar isolated from humans in the united states and europe. The two serotypes most commonly associated with foodborne illness in poultry foods are s. Typhoid fever is a humanspecific disease and is endemic in many asian countries, such as malaysia and india, and also. Sporadic and outbreakrelated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium eva moller nielsen, mia torpdahl, steen ethelberg, and anette m. Gallinarum is a nonmotile gram negative rod and along with the closely related salmonella enterica serovar pullorum is hostspecific for poultry, but rarely, if ever, presents a risk of zoonotic transmission. Globally, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is the most commonly isolated serovar. Genomic diversity and adaptation of salmonella enterica. Most cases of salmonellosis are caused by food infected with s. Livestock serve as a reservoir for mdr salmonella, and the antibiotics chlortetracycline and florfenicol are frequently administrated to foodproducing.
Salmonella enterica is further divided into subspecies i enterica, ii salamae, iiia arizonae, iiib diarizonae, iv houtenae, and vi indica. Jun 17, 2014 salmonella enterica includes the major serovars associated with human salmonellosis. The number of antibioticresistant isolates identified in humans is steadily increasing, suggesting that the spread of antibioticresistant strains is a major threat to public health. However, it is unclear whether increased virulence in humans is related to organism. An attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain. Genomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Enteritidis was considered the most frequent one followed by s. Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium multilocus sequence type st 3 has been reported as an emerging cause of invasive salmonellosis in subsaharan africa. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colonizing the. An artemis comparison tool act alignment of the genomes of salmonella enterica serovar typhi s. An attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. The enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium s.
Between 15 and 20 typhimurium outbreaks occur per year from a wide variety of sources. Of note, poultry is usually incriminated in outbreaks of human salmonellosis. Chlortetracycline and florfenicol induce expression of. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 14028s is. Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen with many hostadapted serotypes. Tm, are a primary cause of foodborne illnesses that lead to. Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pathogenicity. Molecular epidemiology and diversity of salmonella serovar. Complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar. Livestock serve as a reservoir for mdr salmonella, and the antibiotics chlortetracycline and florfenicol are frequently administrated to foodproducing animals to treat and prevent various diseases. Monophasic variant of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic s.
Salmonella enterica is a gramnegative intracellular pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in the human. Loops were harvested and prepared for both scanning and. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence genotyping of. St3 is almost exclusively from subsaharan africa, is characterized by a degraded genome capacity similar to that of s. Strains were stored in nutrient broth bd biosciences, sparks, md with 15% volvol glycerol at. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strategies for host. Using a global phylogeny of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, we found that major livestock sources of the pathogen in the united states can be.
Antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence genotyping. Salmonella enterica is among the leading causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. These isolates represent all of the salmonella isolates collected from the province during that period. The aim of this study was to generate a reference set of salmonella enterica genomes isolated from wildlife from the united states and to determine the antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profile of the isolates from the genome sequence data. Whole genome sequencingbased detection of antimicrobial. Enteritidis is a wellknown zoonotic pathogen, and infected poultry are among the most common reservoir of salmonellae that can. Antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serovar. Impact of the lipopolysaccharide chemotype of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium on virulence in gnotobiotic piglets.
Abstractsalmonella, a common zoonotic pathogen, causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals. Multidrugresistant mdr salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium s. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium microbewiki. Jan 11, 2018 bacterial pathogens must sense and respond to newly encountered host environments to regulate the expression of critical virulence factors that allow for niche adaptation and successful colonization. Ileal gutloops were surgically prepared in ten 4 to 5weekold mixedbreed pigs and inoculated for 060 minutes. General response of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Apr 27, 2019 this study aimed to survey the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulenceassociated genes of salmonella enterica recovered from broiler chickens and retail shops at elsharkia province in egypt. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can be classified as a class 3 pathogen, based on the damage response framework classification system, because it causes a response in all host cells along the continuum of host immune response, but causes significantly more damage in the setting of weak or strong host immune responses. We evaluated the attenuation and potential vaccine use in pigs of a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutant of rfah, the gene encoding the rfah antiterminator that prevents.
Quantitative genomic dna from salmonella enterica subsp. Salmonella enterica serovar typhi is an invasive pathogen. Salmonella is classified into 2500 serovars based on the kauffmannwhite scheme popoff et al. Strains were stored in nutrient broth bd biosciences, sparks, md. Salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg is currently the 12th most common serovar of salmonella enterica causing salmonellosis in the united states and results in twice the average incidence of blood infections caused by nontyphoidal salmonellae.
Among bacterial pathogens, nontyphoidal serovars of salmonella enterica, such as serovar typhimurium s. We used wholegenome sequencing wgs and temporally structured sequence analysis within a bayesian framework to reconstruct temporal and spatial. Eurosurveillance outbreak of unusual salmonella enterica. It has been 30 years since the initial emergence and subsequent rapid global spread of multidrugresistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 mdr dt104. This study was performed to document the early cellular invasion of salmonellaserovar typhimurium in swine ileum. Levels of transcription, translation, and cell division in vivo were lower than those in vitro. A number of its serovars are serious human pathogens. We sequenced the whole genomes of 103 salmonella isolates sampled between 1988 and 2003 from wildlife and exotic pet cases that were submitted to. Salmonella enterica is a gramnegative enteropathogenic bacterium. Pathogenesis model of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.
Salmonella enterica serovar typhi can cause lifethreatening bacterial infections called typhoid fever. Swine are often asymptomatic carriers of salmonella spp. Chlortetracycline and florfenicol induce expression of genes. However, it is unclear whether increased virulence in. Typhimurium is a broad host range serovar but has also evolved into hostadapted variants i. Typhimurium bacteria isolated from humans exhibit wideranging virulence phenotypes in inbred mice, leading to speculation that some strains are more virulent in nature. Zoonotic source attribution of salmonella enterica. Tm, are a primary cause of foodborne illnesses that lead to hospitalizations and deaths.
Click the button below to download a pdf of our latest catalog. Typhimurium is a serious public health threat as infections caused by these strains are more difficult and expensive to treat. Salmonella virulence factors were determined using the polymerase chain reaction assays targeting the inva, csgd, hilc, bcfc, stn, avra, mgtc, ompf, sope1 and pefa genes. Serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and. Tolc, an efflux pump protein, is reported to have a role in the virulence of s. Global genomic epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovar. Bessa, marjo cado michael, geovana brenner canu, nunzia canal, claudio wageck cardoso, marisa rabsch, wolfgang and rubino, salvatore 2007. Salmonella enterica formerly salmonella choleraesuis is a rodshaped, flagellate, facultative aerobic, gramnegative bacterium and a species of the genus salmonella. The strains used in this study included salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain atcc 14028 s. Oct 25, 2001 salmonella enterica subspecies i, serovar typhimurium s. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infection of humans caused by salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhi s.
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is one of the most common s. After action report centers for disease control and. Serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles. Nov 21, 2017 the aim of this study was to generate a reference set of salmonella enterica genomes isolated from wildlife from the united states and to determine the antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profile of the isolates from the genome sequence data. Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant. Frontiers an rfah mutant of salmonella enterica serovar. Approximately 7,000 infections with salmonella typhimurium are reported to cdc each year. We sequenced the whole genomes of 103 salmonella isolates sampled between 1988 and 2003. The pattern of global gene expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteria harvested from the chicken intestinal lumen cecum was compared with that of a latelogphase lb broth culture using a wholegenome microarray. May 18, 2009 serotype typhimurium is the most common serotype of salmonella in the united states, accounting for 19% of all salmonella infections in humans. Invasive salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infections. The molecular mechanisms of host cell entry has, however. Multiple outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by salmonella heidelberg resulted from the same poultry processor, which infected 634 people during 20. Hammerum the prevalence of different antimicrobial resistance pro.
Increasingly, routine surveillance and monitoring of foodborne pathogens using wholegenome sequencing is creating opportunities to study foodborne illness epidemiology beyond routine outbreak investigations and casecontrol studies. Nonetheless, its origin and transmission route have never been revealed. Early epithelial invasion by salmonella enterica serovar. Salmonella enterica is one of the major foodborne pathogens leading to worldwide human gastroenteritis. Serotype typhimurium is the most common serotype of salmonella in the united states, accounting for 19% of all salmonella infections in humans.
Act permits the alignment of dna sequences and demonstrates regions of homology calculated by blast with a red. Tm invades epithelial cell types in the gut mucosa and a variety of immune cell types at later infection stages. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium skills to succeed in. Identification of salmonella enterica subspecies i. Among the 2500 salmonella serovars, several serovars have been identified as major pathogens to humans and domestic animals, including salmonella typhimurium, enteritidis, typhi, newport, heidelberg and paratyphi a. Following the dilution step, ezcfu provides over 90 inocula using the same suspension. Typhimurium infects a wide range of animal hosts and generally causes selflimiting gastroenteritis in humans. Genome of salmonella enterica serovar typhi clinical.
1055 140 1035 585 486 1093 291 988 947 1371 302 1474 254 197 317 440 707 1462 679 944 856 1071 966 347 629 878 272 245 939 799 930 1290 1285 1000